Grupo Alarcos · Journal article · 2026
Sustainability in the Field of Software Engineering: A Tertiary Study
Gabriel Alberto García Mireles, María Ángeles Moraga de la Rubia, Félix Óscar García Rubio, Coral Calero Muñoz
Sustainability in software and green software have increased attention in software engineering (SE), given the potential of software to contribute positively to sustainable development initiatives. This trend is substantiated by the numerous systematic reviews (SRs) that have been published on the matter. However, a significant gap in understanding remains concerning the sustainability concepts and their dimensions within the field. This tertiary study aims to construct a comprehensive map of sustainability topics in SE. As a result, 80 SRs were selected in this report. A notable lack of consensus exists regarding SE sustainability definitions and the dimensions involved. The environmental dimension is the most frequently reported, capturing 55% of the research focus, with a predominant emphasis on energy efficiency. Approximately 52.5% of studies delve into products related to system performance and evolvability and software architecture. However, limited attention is given to the social, economic, and individual dimensions. Despite the considerable focus on the green dimension, there is a necessity for further research in both empirical primary studies and SRs to enhance the reliability of the findings. Achieving consensus on definitions of terminology and implementing standardized measurement methods are essential steps to advance understanding the sustainable SE.